Photobiomodulation Therapy for Arthritis

Extended Summary of “The Mechanisms and Efficacy of Photobiomodulation Therapy for Arthritis: A Comprehensive Review”

Zhang, R. & Qu, J. (2023)
(Published in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol. 24, Issue 18, Article 14293 — PMCID: PMC10531845)

Overview

This comprehensive review explores how Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy—also known as low-level light therapy—can serve as a non-invasive and promising treatment for arthritis, a chronic condition that affects millions worldwide. PBM involves using red and near-infrared light to stimulate cellular activity, reduce inflammation, and promote tissue repair without the use of drugs or surgery.

The authors, Zhang and Qu (2023), examined a broad range of preclinical and clinical studies to assess both the mechanisms of action and therapeutic efficacy of PBM for arthritis. The review focused on two major types of arthritis: osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Mechanisms of Action

The paper explains that PBM works primarily by stimulating mitochondrial activity, which boosts adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production—the main source of cellular energy. This increase in ATP enhances cellular repair and regeneration processes in joint tissues.

Other mechanisms include:

  • Reduction of oxidative stress through modulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

  • Downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6, helping to reduce swelling and pain.

  • Upregulation of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant factors, promoting balance in immune response.

  • Enhanced collagen synthesis and cartilage regeneration, improving the structural integrity of the affected joints.

  • Improved microcirculation, increasing oxygen and nutrient delivery to damaged tissues.

Through these combined biological effects, PBM supports overall joint health and reduces the degenerative progression of arthritis.

Clinical and Experimental Evidence

The review summarizes findings from numerous animal and human studies demonstrating PBM’s effectiveness:

  • Animal models show reduced joint inflammation, improved cartilage thickness, and decreased bone erosion after PBM treatment.

  • Human clinical studies report significant improvements in pain reduction, joint mobility, and functional recovery in arthritis patients receiving PBM therapy.

A wide range of wavelengths—typically 630 nm to 830 nm—was referenced across studies, with both red and near-infrared light demonstrating beneficial effects. The choice of wavelength influences the depth of tissue penetration and the type of therapeutic effect achieved.

The authors emphasize that while PBM has shown reproducible benefits, treatment success depends on parameters such as wavelength, power density, energy dose, duration, frequency, and the target area. These factors must be optimized to achieve maximum therapeutic outcomes.

Advantages and Practical Implications

  • Non-invasive: PBM therapy requires no surgery or injections.

  • Drug-free: It avoids the side effects associated with pain medications or anti-inflammatory drugs.

  • Painless and safe: When applied correctly, PBM produces no significant adverse reactions.

  • Versatile: Can be used alongside physiotherapy, medication, or other arthritis management strategies.

The authors highlight that PBM therapy’s safety profile, convenience, and physiological benefits make it particularly appealing for long-term arthritis management. However, they also call for further standardized clinical trials to establish optimal treatment protocols and confirm long-term efficacy.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Zhang and Qu (2023) state:

“PBM therapy shows great promise as an effective and non-invasive treatment for arthritis. This review provides valuable insights and guidance for researchers interested in exploring the use of PBM therapy for arthritis treatment. With continued research and development, PBM therapy has the potential to become a widely adopted and beneficial treatment option for arthritis patients.”

This review underscores the growing evidence that Photobiomodulation is an innovative, science-backed approach capable of reducing inflammation, stimulating tissue regeneration, and improving joint function—offering hope for millions living with chronic arthritis.

You can read full details via the link below.

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10531845/#sec1-ijms-24-14293